What Preliminary Radiology Report Covers?
Computed Tomography (CT)
CT is a key test in preliminary reporting owing to its fast and high diagnostic accuracy in acute conditions. Preliminary CT reports include but are not limited to: CT head examinations for stroke or intracranial hemorrhage, trauma CT studies for internal injuries, and CT chest and abdomen for life-threatening pathologies (consisting of pulmonary embolism, aortic injury, and active bleeding). Preliminary reporting is focused on identification of critical findings that require immediate clinical action; usually, results are communicated to the treating team electronically in cas of CT as well.
Ultrasound
Ultrasound is also often used in preliminary reporting for bedside and emergency studies. In trauma, FAST or E-FAST scans are preliminarily reported for rapid evaluation of the patient for free fluid, internal bleeding, or pneumothorax. Acute abdominal pain, gallbladder disease, urinary obstruction, and obstetric emergencies are some of the common indications that may be preliminarily reported using ultrasound. As ultrasound is an operator-dependent procedure, preliminary reports can only indicate key positive or negative findings and present limitations. These rapid interpretations help clinicians to provide urgent management while awaiting confirmatory imaging or final reporting.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
While MRI is less commonly used for preliminary reporting compared to CT or X-ray, it can be useful in selected emergencies. Preliminary MRI reports are usually conducted for acute neurological conditions like stroke, spinal cord compression, and cauda equina syndrome, or suspected infection. Preliminary interpretation aims at detecting life- and/or critical abnormalities such as infarction, cord edema, or an abscess, which need urgent intervention.Due to its longer scanning and complexity of review, the preliminary MRI report is brief and aimed at key findings, often leaving detailed analysis to the final report.
CT Angiography (CTA)
CTA is one of the cardinal modalities in the preliminary radiology reporting for vascular emergencies. Preliminary CTA reports commonly address large-vessel stroke, aneurysm rupture, arterial occlusion, or active hemorrhage. In essence, this would be to quickly confirm or rule out vascular pathology that would need urgent interventions like thrombolysis, thrombectomy, or surgery. In this context, in the preliminary report, the radiologist underlines the critical vessel findings and immediately communicates these to the clinical team while completing the detailed vessel mapping and secondary observation in the final report.
A number of imaging modalities can be covered under preliminary radiology reporting. Some of these are listed down below:
X-ray Radiography
X-ray is one of the most common imaging modalities used in preliminary radiology reporting. It consists of using ionizing radiation to produce 2D images of the area of interest. It is rapid, widely available, and offers easy interpretation in emergency settings. Preliminary X-ray reports generally present obvious or clinically urgent findings, like fractures, dislocations, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, bowel obstruction, or misplaced tubes and lines. Since X-rays are very common in emergency departments and ICUs, preliminary interpretations by radiologists allow clinicians to make quick decisions about immobilization, surgical referral, or the need for immediate intervention. In the preliminary X-ray report, the focus is on action-based findings, not on subtle or incidental abnormalities, which can be addressed in the final report.